COVID-19疫苗在预防严重疾病、住院和死亡方面非常有效. Because the virus that causes COVID-19 continues to change, vaccines are updated periodically to help fight the disease. It is important to check the 美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)新冠肺炎疫苗信息网站 for the latest details.

(Posted 9/27/24)

What is the COVID-19 vaccine?

COVID-19疫苗通过教会免疫系统识别和对抗导致疾病的病毒，减轻了COVID-19的严重程度.

更新2024-25年COVID-19疫苗以更好地预防目前正在传播的变体. This respiratory virus season, only one shot of the vaccine is needed for most people, and there are no boosters. (免疫功能低下或年龄在6个月至4岁之间的人可能需要接种一剂以上的2024-25疫苗.)

2024-25年COVID-19疫苗与以前的COVID-19疫苗有何不同?

对于2024 - 2025年秋冬，更新的COVID-19疫苗针对的是该病毒的新变体. 辉瑞生物科技公司和Moderna公司开发的疫苗都是针对KP的.2 strain, 这是在春季和夏季传播的更大的FLiRT变种家族的一部分. Novavax生产的疫苗针对的是一种不同的变异病毒，即JN病毒.1个变种，在秋季和冬季传播得更早. 这三种疫苗都与目前流行的变种密切相关.

Who should get a COVID-19 vaccine?

因为2024-25年的COVID疫苗对最近的病毒株有效, 建议每个人都通过接种这种疫苗来保持最新状态. 以前的疫苗或增强剂不是针对最近的毒株开发的. For 2024–25, the CDC recommends:

• 5岁及以上的每个人都接种一针更新的疫苗.
• 6个月至4岁的儿童可能需要一次以上的疫苗才能及时接种.
• 中度或严重免疫功能低下的人可能需要注射不止一针.

You can review the full recommendations on the CDC’s Staying Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines webpage. 如果你对疫苗的建议不确定，一定要和你的初级保健医生或儿科医生谈谈.

What are the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine?

Side effects vary and may last one to three days. Common side effects are:

• Soreness at the injection site
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Body aches
• Fever

COVID-19 Vaccine and Pregnancy

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的COVID-19疫苗是安全的，建议孕妇或哺乳期妇女接种, as well as for those who are intending to become pregnant.

孕妇或刚怀孕的人感染严重COVID-19的风险更大. 怀孕期间出现严重的COVID-19病例与早产和死产的风险较高有关，并可能增加其他妊娠并发症的风险. For these reasons, 建议孕妇接种COVID-19疫苗, intending to become pregnant or were recently pregnant.

关于COVID-19疫苗和儿童，父母应该了解什么?

疾病预防控制中心建议为6个月至11岁的儿童接种2024-25疫苗, and adolescents and teenagers ages 12 and older.

• Children ages 5 and older need one shot of the updated vaccine.
• 6个月至4岁的儿童可能需要一次以上的疫苗才能及时接种.

与成人相比，儿童患COVID-19重病的可能性较小, although serious illness can happen. 如果你对孩子接种疫苗有疑问，请咨询儿科医生.

If I recently had COVID-19, do I need a 2024–25 vaccine?

If you recently had COVID-19, 疾病预防控制中心建议在接种这种更新疫苗前等待大约三个月. 如果您再次遇到该病毒，接种更新后的疫苗将:

• 减少可能需要住院治疗的严重疾病的风险
• Reduce the chance that you infect someone else with COVID-19
• Help protect you from currently circulating COVID-19 variants

如果我最近接种了较早版本的COVID-19疫苗或加强疫苗，我应该等待多长时间才能接种这种疫苗?

5岁及以上的人应在接种最后一剂COVID-19疫苗后至少等待两个月，然后再接种2024-25疫苗, according to CDC guidance.

Is natural immunity better than a vaccine?

自然免疫是一旦你被细菌感染，你的身体就会产生抗体来保护你免受细菌的感染. 对导致COVID-19的病毒的自然免疫并不比疫苗获得性免疫更好, and it comes with greater risks. 研究表明，对该病毒的天然免疫力随着时间的推移而减弱，并且比COVID-19疫苗接种提供的免疫力下降得更快.

Do I need a COVID-19 booster?

2024-25疫苗对大多数人来说是一针疫苗，本季没有加强疫苗. (免疫功能低下或年龄在6个月至4岁之间的人可能需要不止一种2024-25疫苗.)

美国食品和药物管理局称这是一种更新的疫苗(不像以前的疫苗那样是一种“加强剂”)，因为它对目前流行的变体产生了新的免疫反应. 这一变化反映了目前治疗COVID-19的方法与治疗流感的方法相似, with preventive measures such as an annual vaccination.

When should I get a COVID-19 vaccine?

Like the flu and other respiratory diseases, COVID-19 tends to be more active in the fall and winter, so getting a vaccine in the fall is recommended.

How quickly does the COVID-19 vaccine become effective?

疫苗通常需要大约两周的时间才能生效. The CDC website provides more information on how the COVID-19 vaccines work.

How long does the COVID-19 vaccine last?

研究表明，COVID-19疫苗在接种后的头三个月内最有效.

Is it safe to get a flu and COVID-19 vaccine at the same time?

Yes, it safe to get both shots at the same time. 请记住，每一种都有类似的副作用，你可能会经历两种副作用.

Is the COVID-19 vaccine safe?

Yes. FDA批准的COVID-19疫苗符合严格的测试标准，在预防严重疾病方面安全有效, hospitalization and death. Millions of people have received the vaccines, 疾病预防控制中心继续监测它们的安全性和有效性以及罕见的不良事件.

Where can I get a COVID-19 vaccine?

The COVID-19 vaccine is available at pharmacies. See vaccines.gov to find a convenient location.